Maturity, Aging & Loss


How can you tell when your cat is getting old? On the outside, he may look much the same, and he probably still loves to bat his toy mouse around the kitchen floor and take naps sprawled across your hand-knitted heirloom afghan. But inside his body, time may be taking its toll. Become aware of what changes to expect in his health, behavior, eating habits, and energy level as he passes from adulthood to geriatric status. Meet his needs so that you and your family can deal with the end of his life.

The Middle Years

You may barely have noticed the subtle changes your cat went through in his first years of life, but when he approaches his equivalent of human middle age --- somewhere between the ages of 8 and 12 --- start paying extra attention. In fact, you should actually alter how you care for your cat, says Dr. Gary Norsworthy, a veterinarian and the editor of Current Feline Practice. "Middle-aged cats should have a normal level of activity and appetite," he says. "But owners will find their veterinarian focusing on age-related problems, such as diabetes, kidney failure, and dental health."
Your veterinarian may also recommend that you modify your cat's diet as a preventive measure. "A balanced, easily digested diet can benefit his aging system," says Norsworthy. "Many cats that die of so-called old age actually die of kidney or liver failure."

The Later Stages

Some veterinarians believe that cats reach their geriatric years around age 12. Other experts are more generous, categorizing cats as being old at about 15. When your cat is between the ages of 12 and 15, be on the lookout for changes in behavior. You may notice that he catnaps a lot more. It's normal for some old cats to sleep more than 18 hours a day.

As a cat increases in age, his joints may stiffen and become painful to move, making him lethargic about many types of activities, even his grooming ritual. But before you decide to do a thorough brushing for him, ask your veterinarian to make sure your cat is not seriously ill --- a lack of desire to groom can also be a sign of sickness.

Because an older cat rests more and moves less, he may need fewer calories. Your veterinarian can suggest ways to reduce his caloric intake and still make sure he gets all the nutrients his aging system needs. And however tempting it may be to treat him to table scraps, it's really not wise. Overfeeding a cat at any age --- especially with fatty foods --- is actually setting him up for obesity and related health problems in the future.

Above all, you'll need to start watching your geriatric cat very closely for hints of illness. "Cats tend to be more subtle than dogs when it comes to showing they're sick" says Dr. Barbara Stein, owner of the Chicago Cat Clinic, "because instinct tells them that --- as in the wild --- to show some type of problem is to become prey." After weeks of seeming healthy, a cat suddenly may display signs of being very ill, catching his owner off guard. Too often, pet owners hope a small problem will go away, only to seek their veterinarian's advice when their cat is beyond help. Below is a chart that will help you track your aging cat's health and promptly react to warning signals.

WHAT YOU MAY SEE
WHAT IT MAY MEAN
WHAT YOU CAN DO
Eats more food than usual but is not gaining weight
Hyperthyroidism (a benign growth in the thyroid gland); early diabetes, parasites
See your veterinarian.
Drinks more water than usual or drinks more frequently (especially if muscles are weak)
Diabetes; kidney disease; hyperthyroidism
Note how much water is being consumed and how often, then consult your veterinarian.
Chewing is difficult; eats less; unable to hold food in mouth while eating; bleeding gums; bad breath; loose teeth
Gum disease; a mouth tumor; broken or diseased teeth
Have your cat's teeth examined by your veterinarian; clean teeth and gums on a regular basis
Constipation
Colon problems; poor diet; hairballs
See your veterinarian.
Frequent colds, infections, and generalized illness
Impaired immune system
Have your veterinarian test your cat for immune system disorders and feline leukemia virus.

Saying Goodbye

Even if your cat isn't extremely old, you may have reason to consider the emotion-laden option of euthanasia --- also called putting a cat to sleep or humanely destroying him. Dr. Stein reminds pet owners to put their cat first: "There is a difference between being alive and just living."

It may be time to end your pet's life if his condition is irreversible and in spite of medical care, his quality of life is inadequate. But even knowing that these situations hold true for your cat doesn't mean it's easy to consider euthanasia. Many experts advise that the whole family should decide as a group whether to have their cat euthanized. Parents with younger children may choose to make the decision and then give the children a chance to say goodbye to their pet.

Be careful about using the phrase "put to sleep" when explaining the decision to children, who then may be afraid to sleep themselves or may expect the cat to wake up in the future. Tell them that the cat isn't going to get better and that ending his life is a loving way to end his pain. Answer your children's questions as honestly as possible, and let them cry and grieve. Some veterinarians let the pet owners be present when the cat is euthanized, but check with your veterinarian ahead of time if you would like to be there.

Thankfully, emotional support during this time is available. Take advantage of your local animal rescue group or your veterinarian. There are numerous books available to help you and your children cope with the loss. There are groups available through the Internet who are there to help you. Whichever way you choose, take advantage of it to help you and your family get through your grief.

Lifetimes ...